was a German composer and influential music critic, one of the most famous of the 19th century. composers who created romantics. It belongs to the direction of estheticism. Pianist, music critic. He chose his life path between a lawyer and a pianist. He married his teacher's daughter Klaras Vyk, who was the muse of his life and work and the inspiration and performer of many works.
in 1834 In Leipzig, he started the "New Music Newspaper" (Neue Zeitung für Musik) with several like-minded people and managed it for 10 years. A large part of the articles was written by himself, under the guise of several - Florestan, Eusebius, Raro, etc. Under pseudonyms. In his articles, he published the ideas of new, advanced art, fought against bourgeois, salon taste, superficiality and conservatism. Schumann promoted the work of young, still unknown composers - Chopin, Liszt, Berlioz, Brahms - and promoted the undeservedly forgotten music of Bach, Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, Schubert.
While looking for helpers, people to support the newspaper, Schumann came up with the Davidsbund, the actually non-existent David's Union. (In honor of the legendary biblical king David, whose music defeated the philistines, the enemies of the Jewish people.) Its members - davidsbündlers - were composers, musicians, friends, living or dead, chosen by Schumann himself: Mozart, Chopin, Paganini, Berlioz, Clara Vyk, Florestan, Eusebius and others .
R. Schuman wrote music of various genres - songs (over 200), symphonies, concerts (for piano, violin, cello), overtures, masses, opera, etc., but the most important and characteristic part of Schuman's creative legacy is piano music. He mostly created program plays and combined them into cycles - "Carnival", "Butterflies", "Fantastic Plays", "Children's Scenes", etc. Neither the Viennese classics nor Schubert did this.
In this cycle of 20 plays, Schuman's compositional innovations, views on art, and creative ideals are clearly revealed. The composer called "Carnival" "small scenes, each of which is based on four letters." They form the word ASCH - the name of a Czech town. (Also, the letter Sch is Schumann's autograph.) The motif of four sounds - la, mi flat, do, si - becomes a kind of theme, the variations of which are heard in separate pieces and connect the whole cycle intonation. This is Schumann's favorite way of musical development.
