Born in St. Georgen near Bruneck (South Tyrol), Algrang initially trained as a locksmith and toolmaker. Not satisfied with this, he trained as an actor at Berlin's drama school Die Etage, Schule für darstellende Künste from 1991 to 1994. Afterwards, Anton Algrang worked for a year at the Kammerspiele Theater in Düsseldorf.
He has played many supporting roles in television series such as Balko, Im Namen des Gesetzes, SOKO Leipzig and Die Rosenheim-Cops. From 2002 to 2006 he played the role of Pino in the children's and youth series "Schloss Einstein" and in 2008 he played the role of Albert Sperr in the film "Operation Walküre - Das Stauffenberg-Attentat". Since 2010, he has been teaching acting and camera acting at various theatre schools, including Neue Münchner Schauspielschule, Tiroler Schauspielschule Innsbruck, Mfa/Munich Film Akademie, Linzer Film und Schauspielakademie.